Update Thu @ 5:13 PM — Thunderstorms have broken out as expected with one or two severe warnings in effect. Most of the activity has been typical thunderstorms. The latest satellite imagery shows another impulse approaching from the southwest and may trigger more storms, especially from Philadelphia, south and east.
Update Thu @ 9:24 AM — Reviewing last night’s models and the new models coming available this morning. A cold front moving down from the northwest will develop a wave along it; low pressure directly over our area (or just to our south according to the latest models) will enhance rainfall and thunderstorm potential.
HRRR: Thunderstorms develop 2-5 PM far northwest areas and move southeastward, reaching Philadelphia suburbs and Philadelphia between 4:30 and 7 PM. Additional thunderstorms and showers develop dynamically in-place due to developing low pressure lasting through midnight.
RAP: Scattered storms break out as early as 3 PM in our immediate northwest suburbs. Main activity here 4-6 PM. Additional showers/thundershowers through midnight.
Current severity expectations is “marginally severe possible.”
Severity Parameters Impact: ⚑ indicates favors Severity ⚐ indicates Possible Severity ↓ indicates works against Severity
Update Wed @ 8:30 PM — The front made it to Lancaster county during the daytime and barely moved back eastward. Around Philadelphia, an easterly flow kept things cool. Thunderstorms developed northern Chester County (Phoenixville area) this afternoon and again this evening. The evening storms were very slow moving and based on radar, they dumped a lot of rain in a small region. They attempted to move eastward, but ran into high CIN and fell apart.
Additional storms in the Allentown area may move through here around midnight.
Thursday is shaping up to be an interesting day weather-wise as most models have consistently forecast the development of a low pressure system directly over us late afternoon. An approaching front and low pressure could result in heavy rains. Right now scattered storms look to begin about 2 PM in western areas and move into the Philadelphia region by 4-6 PM. I’ll post something about intensity of these storms tomorrow morning.
NOAA is doing a live test of their new supercomputers for the next 24 hours. All models today are coming off of this new system. I’ve never seen their servers so fast! Another live test in two weeks and then it becomes fully operational on June 28th.
So where are all these models on the web? Here on the NOMADS site. (Warning: The NOMADS site is somewhat intimidating and designed for extreme weather nerds and professionals only.)
Updated Wed 7:33 AM — Current weather analysis (RTMA) shows the front only made it as far westward as Chester county, not Lancaster county as predicted by last night’s models.
This boundary is expected to move back eastward today and the convergence zone of the winds (see graphic below) will be a focal point for showers and some thunderstorms. Lowered CAPE values and high CIN values show any activity to be garden variety thunderstorms and showers later this afternoon and this evening.
Updated Tue 11:06 PM — Tonight’s models show the backdoor cold front moving as far westward as Lancaster county. Most models have very little storm activity during the afternoon as CIN values remain high. Some models (but not all) have storms redeveloping in the late afternoon and evening and moving in from the northwest as the wind convergence zone moves back eastward. Some of these may be strong. I’ll update tomorrow.
Updated Tue 6:11 PM — This afternoon’s models, particularly the HRRR, has the backdoor front moving so slowly back eastward that conditions near Philadelphia are not as unstable as shown in the table below. Less instability means less activity is likely in the immediate PHL area on Wednesday. So forget about the green severity table below for now.
Indeed, the latest RAP shows elevated ”CIN” during the afternoon. (Think of CIN as opposing CAPE.)
Any activity is predicted to from in the far northwest (Reading – Allentown area) and far western suburbs. The NAM-NEST continues with some storms making it into our area, but they diminish in strength as they move through. Any storms will be scattered; this will not be a line of storms. Should the backdoor front change its forecast position, this forecast will change.
Heavier storms still expected Thursday evening.
Updated Tue 11:34 AM — The backdoor cold front boundary, expected to stall just west of Philadelphia on Wednesday, will gradually move back eastward during Wednesday afternoon. Areas of moisture convergence and high CAPE will result in some heavy thunderstorms in some areas later Wednesday afternoon.
Last September‘s Tornadoes
NAM-NEST Wednesday Forecast
CAPE 3500-4200 Joules/kg
2000-4000
⚑
Helicity 800-1100 m^2/s^2
200-300
⚐
Vertical Shear 35-45
10-15
Precipitable Water 2.0″
2.0″
⚑
Lifted Index (minus) 7-9
minus 6-9
⚑
Max 700mb Vertical Motion 110 m/sec
70
⚑
Peak Wind Gusts 40-50
17
Aligned Storm Motion and Shear Vectors- YES
NO
Jet stream- Highly Cyclonic
Flat
Jet Stream Speed – High
Low
↓
500mb – Highly Cyclonic
Anticylonic
↓
Severity Parameters from Tuesday’s NAM-NEST model for Wednesday afternoon ⚑ indicates high severity ⚐ indicates Moderate Severity ↓ indicates works against severity
Update Tue @ 8:35 AM — Temperatures are still expected to be in the range shown in last night’s post, perhaps 1 degree less overall.
A weak backdoor cold front is still expected to move in before daybreak Wednesday morning. Here’s the RAP model position of the front—
There’s a lack of agreement about how far the front will move back eastward and how much hot air will return Wednesday afternoon. A large gradient in temperatures across this boundary.
Originally Posted Mon @ 7:40 PM —
A strong upper air ridge will bring very hot temperatures to our area on Tuesday. The latest NBM model shows maximum temperatures to be higher than previous forecasts—
With dew point temperatures in the range of 65-67º, Tuesday will feel uncomfortably hot.
From Wednesday through Thursday, a back-door cold front will gradually sink closer to us from the northeast
With more clouds, Wednesday’s highs may not reach 90
Some showers/thunderstorms may break out Wednesday ahead of some upper air disturbances (areas of vorticity) rotating around the upper ridge. Additional activity far northwestern suburbs late Wednesday afternoon.
From Thursday into early Friday, a cold front will approach closer with low pressure developing along the front. Some thunderstorms and rain will break out, especially late Thursday afternoon and evening. Exact timing and details vary from model to model. Several models have some fairly heavy rain later Thursday.
Things clear later Friday and the weekend looks pretty good.
Update Sat @ 10:45 AM — The latest models show more showers developing early afternoon than previous forecasts. I’ve been waiting to decide on a bike ride today; not sure if I want to get rained on. Today’s forecast has been a moving target and a challenge all of this past week.
Updated Sat 8:48 AM — Last night’s 06z models keep the showers for the most part, far northern areas today, even a little further north than last night’s NAM-NEST update graphic immediately below. The original forecast still holds.
Update Fri @ 11:09 PM — The second batch of storms has entered our area tonight as forecast. The several rounds of storms may move through before 5 AM.
For Saturday —Tonight’s models have the upper low closing off around mid-day Saturday. As a result, more showers are expected, especially north and northwest of Philadelphia during the mid day and early afternoon Saturday.
Tonight’s NAM-NEST captures it —
Previously Posted Fri 5:53 PM —
Those of you who regularly read this site have known there has been uncertainty with this weekend’s forecast, specifically Saturday’s forecast; a closed upper air low correctly predicted by the GFS as early as last weekend has undergone every conceivable forecast permutation. The ECMWF and the GFS have traded places over the week with forecasts of a closed low and open low.
As of 4 PM Friday, the closed low is clearly visible on radar image—
The GFS model forecast pretty much lines up with the current situation (as does the ECMWF) —
This closed low was expected to “open” as it moved over Pennsylvania Friday night.
"Closed" upper air low
"Open" upper air low
Unfortunately, the GFS (but not the ECMWF) closes it off again Saturday afternoon!—
Since the GFS has been the [relatively] consistent about the closed low forecast and because it is supported by the latest GEFS, I’m inclined to lean towards its forecast for Saturday. However, the latest NAM opens the low and has a more optimistic forecast.
A closed low would mean more unsettled weather for Saturday throughout our area. The open low means that mainly areas north and northwest of the city would have showers. So Saturday’s forecast still has a lower than usual confidence.
Saturday
A mix of clouds and sunshine. Showers likely during the day north and northwest of the Philadelphia area. Some showers may sneak into Philadelphia. (Southern NJ looks much better- probably no rain.) High temp 77.4º ± 2.0º NBM model, Blue Bell
Sunday
Mostly sunny and warmer High 81.3º ± 1.3º NBM model, Blue Bell
Monday
Sunshine through high cirrus clouds (in the morning) and very warm. More humid. Dew points in the low to mid 60s. High 88.8º ± 2.0º NBM model, Blue Bell