THIS WEEK’S WEATHER

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Why are the TV/Radio Snow Forecasts So Low? (Again)

Posted Friday 02/16/24 @ 9:40 AM —I’ve been scratching my head trying to understand why the TV/radio snow accumulation forecasts for tonight’s storm are too low again. Most models are cranking out 0.3-0.5″ of water precipitation tonight. Even with a conservative snow to water ratio of 10:1, it would mean 3 to 5+ inches of snow for us, not the 1″-3″ I keep hearing on the broadcasts. With snow accumulation, one usually has to account for ‘snow compaction’, but that’s a lot of compaction to bring it down to 1-3″ of snow.

Hey, I might be wrong with this forecast, but long time followers of this blog know I have a pretty good track record.

I’m inclined to go with the HRRR model again.

Here’s the latest HRRR (12z run, just available)—

02-16-24 12z HRRR snow forecast by Saturday at 7 AM Some additional snow possible to this. (Click on image for a larger view.)

Here’s the NAM with a 10:1 water snow ratio—

02-16-24 12z NAM snow totals based on a snow to liquid ratio of 10:1 without compaction. (Click on image for a larger view.)

Specifics:

• Snow starts about midnight tonight (Friday).
• Snow tapers off west to east about 7-9 AM Saturday.
• Some light snow showers or flurries possible, especially western sections, until about noon.
• Windy and gusty mid day Saturday.
• Unsettled weather – Clouds with breaks of sun during the afternoon, but with another possible area of snow flurries passing through.
• High of only 36º-38º


Friday Night into Saturday Snow Update

Posted Thursday 02/15/24 @ 5:25 PM — The fast moving storm expected here late Friday into Saturday morning has just come into the forecast range of the HRRR model. (The HRRR did extremely well with our last snowfall.)

Here’s the latest HRRR snow totals forecast—

02-15-24 18z HRRR Snow accumulation forecast by 9 AM Saturday. It’s showing a band of the most snow from the city southward. (Click on image for a larger view.)

Both the NAM and NAM-NEST model built-in snow depth parameterization are forecasting less, about 1.6 -3.0″. However their forecast precipitation amounts with a snow water ratio of 11:1 brings their snow total closer to the above HRRR.

As mentioned, unlike the last storm, this will be a lighter snow, easier to shovel, and immediate melting will be slower, due to the colder temperatures that will move in behind the system.

As for of winds, tonight (Thursday night) will be quite windy after the first system moves through with cold front and a few showers. Sunday looks windy too—

NBM wind meteogram for Blue Bell, PA (Click on image for a larger view.)

Friday Night into Saturday Snow Update

Posted Thursday 02/15/24 @ 10:16 AM — We’re just getting into the range of some of the higher resolution model forecasts (60 hrs) and some of the NBM snow accumulation forecast stats (up to 60 hours). Not yet in the range of the HRRR (48 hours).

The current track and general intensity of the storm is unchanged from my earlier update last night. The ECMWF has bumped up its total precipitation forecast up to 0.33 inches of water which translates into higher snow totals.

The NBM mean snow total forecast for Friday night into Saturday —

NBM mean (or average) snowfall model prediction. (Click on image for a larger view.)

The NBM mean and median snowfall forecast snow amounts are similar, suggesting a tendency towards the mean.

However, several models that comprise the NBM have higher snow accumulations. The NBM 75 percentile covers those models.

(The concept of percentiles is often hard to get one’s head around. The 75th percentile means that 75% of the models that comprise a group of models are at or below that value.


It does NOT mean that 75% of the models are predicting that amount, nor does it mean that there’s a 75% chance of that amount.)

Here’s the NBM 75 Percentile amounts—

NBM 75 Percentile snow accumulation. This percentile takes into account some models leaning towards higher snow amounts. (Click on image for a larger view.)

While it’s too soon to hang one’s hat on snow amounts and the locations of likely higher snow totals, I’m leaning toward 3″, possibly 4″ in much of the area. I base this on the higher snow:liquid ratios and total precip amounts being forecast.

Additionally, we’re forecast to be near what’s called the left exit region of a jet streak. It’s an area of upward vertical motion and enhanced precipitation. We’re close, but not in an ideal position.

We really won’t have a real handle on snow totals until Friday morning’s models.


Friday Night Snow Update

Posted Wednesday 02/14/24 @ 8:03 PM —Fast moving low pressure systems will move (1) north of us Thursday evening and (2) south of us Friday night into Saturday morning—

Current satellite water vapor image with superimposed RAP model 500-1000 mb thickness lines (yellow contours), Mean Sea Level Pressure isobars (black contours) potential vorticity (fine violet contours) with superimposed MRMS RADAR. System 1 will be minor. System 2 is looking more interesting. (Click on image for a larger view.)

To focus on System 2 (Friday night into Saturday), it will be a fast moving system, but the latest models are showing a trend towards increased moisture and snowfall.

More importantly, the latest NAEFS shows the track somewhat closer to our area than previous model runs, meaning more snow for us—

NAEFS statistical “mode” version model combined with GEFS “bias-corrected” precipitation model forecast for Saturday 4 AM (Click on image for a larger view.)

Models are cranking out 0.20 to 0.40 inches of water, falling as snow. The NBM shows a snow:liquid ratio that high, on the order of 12:1-15:1. So I’m thinking we’re possibly dealing with 2-4 inches of snow, possibly a bit higher.

The storm exits quickly and we should see some sun Saturday afternoon. Unlike the previous storm, it will turn very cold and windy Saturday, so melting will not occur as it did the last storm.

The storm will fall into the range of the higher resolution models tomorrow. Stay tuned.


Update: Wednesday through Saturday

Posted Wednesday 02/14/24 @ 9:04 AM — Today, Wednesday, will be sunny but quite cold and windy. Highs only in the mid 30s.

Thursday will become mostly cloudy by mid to late morning, as mild air moves in aloft and a cold front approaches from the west. High 42-45º with above average uncertainty.
A few widely scattered sprinkles (rain, not snow) move in Thursday evening. The cold front passes through before midnight. Winds pick up during the night.

Friday will be very windy in the morning and sunny. Clouds move in late afternoon ahead of the next system. High temp 40-43º

It now appears that the low pressure system passing by to our south Friday evening be be a bit further south. Light snow develops towards midnight Friday evening and ends around early Saturday morning. Best guess about snowfall is about 1.5-2″, slightly more further south of the city.

It’s really too soon to be posting any forecast snow totals, but here’s the current NAM snow totals by Saturday morning—

02-14-24 06z NAM model forecast snow depth at 10 AM Saturday. White contour is the 32º line . (Click on image for a larger view.)

I would be posting the HRRR snow totals, given the model’s success with the recent storm. The HRRR only forecasts out to 48 hours. The NAM forecasts out to 84 hours.


Saturday will be fairly cloudy, windy with some snow flurries. Cold with highs in the upper 30s.


Wednesday and Thursday Outlook

Posted Tuesday 02/13/24 @ 4:21 PM — Cold high pressure builds in for Wednesday. Two disturbances will affect our weather later this week. A clipper type disturbance to our north may bring some light snow showers late Thursday, as a cold front moves through.

A somewhat more robust but fast moving system shows a good chance of bringing additional snow late Friday into Saturday morning.

Current satellite (Tuesday afternoon) water vapor image with superimposed RAP model 500-1000 mb thickness lines (yellow), jet level wind streamlines (orange contour-arrows) potential vorticity (fine violet contours) and superimposed MRMS radar. Disturbance 1 is a clipper type with another cold front for Thursday. Disturbance 2 shows the potential for snow late Friday into early Saturday. (Click on image for a larger view.)

The Friday night potential storm—

NAEFS statistical “mode” version model combined with GEFS “bias-corrected” precipitation model forecast for Saturday 7 AM (Click on image for a larger view.)
Tuesday Storm
Tue 11:12 AM —Forecast Review — So why did the radio and TV weather people wait so long to update their forecast for today? I’m not sure but they were going with a low accumulation range forecast through much of Monday, then they did a fast change in forecast without explanation last night.

My guess is they were highly influenced by the ECMWF model forecast. I think they’re enamored with this model (German engineering, Italian design and high cost), despite evidence that our US – NOAA models are often better. I know, in this case, our HRRR was forecasting the possibility of larger snow totals as early as Sunday night.

The new RRFS model that’s currently being developed is an evolution of the HRRR/NAM-NEST/HREF and while it currently is not ready for prime time, I’m hoping that it will be a go-to model for snow storms here.

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WEEKEND WEATHER FORECAST

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Monday Night into Tuesday Outlook

Posted Saturday 02/10/24 @ 10:16 PM — The storm for late Monday night into Tuesday will be a forecasting challenge. A secondary low will form off of the Delmarva coast, perhaps bringing in more cold air aloft. 1.1″ of water will fall, initially in the form of rain, mixing with and changing to wet snow, then tapering off during Tuesday afternoon. The changeover to snow or a wet mix near the city will occur between 5 and 8 AM Tuesday morning.

Here’s tonight’s NAM snow depth forecast by Tuesday afternoon—

02-11-24 00z NAM showing snow accumulation. Blue contours are in 1/2″ increments Above freezing near surface air temperatures, warm ground temperatures and rapid precipitation rate with dynamic cooling will make forecasting snow accumulation a challenge. (Click on image for a larger view.)

Sat 5:40 PM —Forecast Review — It looks like the temperatures at the two local airports didn’t get above 57º (KLOM -Blue Bell) and 54º (KPHL- Philadelphia). The NBM, my go-to-model for temperatures, really didn’t impress today, while the GFS and HREF were right on the mark. Not surprised with the lack of any really strong sunshine. For the record, the RRFS model (experimental, being developed) was too warm.

Posted Saturday 02/10/24 @ 10:33 AM — Many models are showing highs today in the 60-62º range, but the GFS and HREF continue to keep us in the mid to upper 50s.

Here’s the latest NBM—

02-10-24 12z NBM high temps for Saturday. All highs are ± 1.6º (Click on image for a larger view.)

As for the ‘snow’ for Tuesday morning, little accumulating snow is expected. The latest GFS captures it well—

02-10-24 06z GFS accumulated snow totals Tuesday morning. (Click on image for a larger view.)

Updated Fri 9:12 PM — Tonight’s early models are trending a bit more towards some widely scattered light sprinkles during the day Saturday and a few heavier showers early evening with the cold front. The NBM shows low 60s in NJ.


Previously Posted Fri 6:05 PM —

The blocked pattern giving us this past week’s fair weather and now increasingly warm weather will become a thing of the past by late Monday. But first things first.

A slow moving cold front will approach Saturday, preceded by clouds and the chance of light widely scattered sprinkles in mostly far western and northern suburbs. (An area of very light showers may move in during the early evening Saturday just ahead of the cold front. )

Most of the showers are expected to stay to our north and to our south on Saturday. Current water vapor shows the setup—

Current satellite water vapor image (Friday afternoon) with superimposed RAP model 500-1000 mb thickness lines (yellow), Mean Sea Level Pressure isobars (black contours) potential vorticity (fine violet contours) with superimposed MRMS RADAR. Most of the activity on Saturday stays to our north and to our south. (Click on image for a larger view.)

On Sunday, the front stalls to our south and moisture moving to our south will spill up towards us in the form of cloudiness. No rain expeacted.

The moisture plume to our south will be the launch pad of a developing storm for late Monday into Tuesday morning.

Saturday

Cloudy. Showers mostly north west and south of our area as described above. The latest NBM has temperatures close to 60º, despite the cloudiness. The Canadian HRDPS, which tends to run warm, has us up to 60º while the GFS has us only in the mid 50s. Windy during the evening hours.

NBM high temperatures: Blue Bell, PA 59º Philadelphia, PA 60º
slightly above average uncertainty (based on standard deviation): ± 2.0º

Sunday

Cloudy, cooler, but still temps above average.

NBM high temperatures: Blue Bell, PA 49º Philadelphia, PA 51º
slightly above average uncertainty (based on standard deviation): ± 2.1º

Monday into Tuesday Outlook

Another rainstorm, begins towards midnight Monday and changes to wet snow from northwest to southeast into the city. A heavy 1.4″ of water falling (rain) with about 0.5″- 1.5″ (preliminary estimate) wet snow accumulation upper Montgomery, western Chester and northern Bucks counties.

Forecasts have trended to show increased intensification of this low pressure system. Current lack of cold air will be a major factor in snow totals. The latest GFS shows secondary coastal low formation. Stay tuned for updates.

GFS shows secondary low formation. Precipitation may ‘skip over our area’ (Click on image for a larger view.)

THIS WEEK’S WEATHER

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Friday and Weekend Outlook- Rain to Snow late Mon ->Tues

Posted Friday 02/09/24 @ 7:58 AM — We should see clouds break by mid morning today, Friday. Highs will get to 56º-57º

Cloudy on Saturday, with some bright spots possible in advance of a slow moving cold front. In the immediate area, little in the way of showers are forecast, although a few models crank out some scattered sprinkles, generally about 0.01″ but up to 0.04″ northern suburbs.

Highs about 57º, maybe 59º. (NBM standard deviation – uncertainty – is a bit greater than average at ± 2.1º)

The cold front stalls to our south late Saturday night.

A forecast change for Sunday. Sunday , originally expected to be sunny, is now expected to be cloudy, as moisture and rain move along the stalled front to our south.

Increasing signal for rain late Monday night changing to wet snow around daybreak Tuesday. Warm temperatures at the surface (currently) and a slow influx of colder air aloft will keep any accumulations by Tuesday afternoon to be wet and in the 1 maybe 2″ on grassy surfaces from the city north and westward. Too much warm air for a real snowstorm and ground “skin” temperatures are well above freezing, making it difficult for any snow to accumulate.

02-09-24 00z ECMWF shows plenty of precipitation (1.25″ water) but most will fall as rain Monday night. The blue/lavendar contours are 32º temperatures at critical levels of the atmosphere for snow. The red line is the 540 thickness line. (Click on image for a larger view.)

This storm has continued to evolve and show greater intensification over the past days. Stay tuned for updates.


Friday and Weekend Outlook & Pattern Change

Posted Thursday 02/08/24 @ 7:20 PM — A warm front uneventfully moves through tonight (perhaps with a few sprinkles) and milder temperatures are forecast for Friday with plenty of sunshine. Highs 55º-57º.

A slow moving cold front approaches on Saturday with plenty of clouds during much of the day (perhaps some sun mid to late afternoon). Highs 57º-59º. It’s look less likely that we’ll hit or exceed 60º

Colder temperatures for Sunday, but still above average.

The cold front that went through on Saturday stalls to our south, as low pressure develops along the front and moves east. Some rain here late Monday.

I’ve been following the potential for some snow on my Winter Storm page and it is looking increasingly likely for early Tuesday, but temperatures will be just above freezing, limiting accumulations.

The latest GFS, just available, is most aggressive with the potential snowfall and precip—

02-08-24 18z GFS shows intensifying low pressure off of the Delmarva coast with heavy precip. Temperatures aloft are cold enough for snow, but near surface temperatures will be at or above freezing, limiting possible accumulation. (Click on image for a larger view.)

So we’ll have snow to the north and rain from the city south, according to this GFS model run. Even suburbs north of Philadelphia will be above freezing near the surface, diminishing potential accumulations. Too early to hang one’s hat on any specifics. Stay tuned.

Next week looks cold again.


Thursday Update

Update Wed 2/07@ 10:00 PM — An increase in forecast cloudiness and an increasing chance of light showers on Saturday makes me question the high temperatures in the 60s being forecast by the earlier NBM. I’ve put in the range 55-60° in the preceding post for that reason.

Posted Wednesday 02/07/24 @ 5:19 PM — An approaching warm front will bring some high cloudiness late morning on Thursday and some mid level clouds after 3 PM. Highs in the low 50s

Friday will be sunny and milder. High in the low 50s, perhaps 55.º

Saturday is looking quite cloudy with an increasing signal for some very light sprinkles, especially far western suburbs. High 55º-60º Increasingly windy towards evening with an approaching cold front.

02-07-24 18z NBM high temperatures for Saturday (Click on image for a larger view.)

Following a cold front, Sunday will gradually “chill” down to a high in the low 50s and temperatures will drop later in the day.

Monday into Tuesday looks interesting. (I’ve updated my Winter Storm page again today.)


Blocked Pattern Gradually Breaking Down

Posted Tuesday 02/06/24 @ 6:05 PM — The blocked weather pattern that has brought us the fair weather will gradually break down. The warmer air that’s been to our west and south will gradually move in as a warm front Thursday into Friday with an increase in clouds. We won’t get into the warm sector until Saturday.

Temperatures on Saturday will reach anywhere from 54º to 60º with 58º most likely. An approaching cold front is currently not predicted to bring any showers until Saturday night, if at all. The cold front will stall to our south, setting the stage for a bit more winter-like weather early next week. (I’ve updated my Winter Storm page today.)

For the weekend, the question exists how much cloudiness we’ll see and whether any showers move in here with the cold front. Currently, it’s looking fairly cloudy and mostly dry here, but that’s not a certainty.

The current ECMWF has showers staying out of our area on Saturday—

02-06-24 12z ECMWF forecast for Saturday at 7 PM. (Click on image for a larger view.)


Tuesday through Thursday

Posted Monday 02/05/24 @ 6:08 PM — Continuing with the thread started earlier, temperatures are not expected to be all that warm through Thursday—

18z NBM meteogram temperature-dew points for Blue Bell PA (Click on image for a larger view.)

Sunny through Wednesday. A warm front moves through Thursday with an increase in cloudiness as the much anticipated warm front approaches our area. Cloudiness in some degree may linger for much of the weekend.

Continuing through the weekend, Saturday may be the warmest—

18z NBM temperature meteogram for location Blue Bell, PA (Click on image for a larger view.)

As mentioned, there’s uncertainty about how high the temperatures will actually be on Saturday. There may be clouds and it appears that it will be quite windy.

For the few who feel they are missing out on winter weather, things will get interesting by next Tuesday-Wednesday.


Previously Posted Mon 10:19 AM —We’re still in the blocked pattern (omega block Ω) with sunny skies and ongoing nice weather. Unfortunately, we remain in the somewhat colder side of the omega block pattern, despite the TV weather people’s ongoing focus on how warm it’s [possibly] going to get.

02-05-24 06z NAEFS statistical “mode” version model combined with GEFS “bias-corrected” precipitation model forecast for Monday morning (Click on image for a larger view.) The air mid and upper air flow, (white arrows, red 540 thickness line) resembles the shape of the Greek letter Ω ) (Click on image for a larger view.)

(Frankly, the weekend weather was beautiful, especially for February, but I would hardly describe it as warm.)

Commentary: One more thing— I cringe when I hear the word “normal” to describe seasonal average high temperatures. There is no ‘normal’ temperature when it comes to weather. There are statistical means or averages of a near “normal” statistical distribution” of high temperatures over past years.

The colder flow over us continues, with a reinforcing bit of colder air on Tuesday. While we’ll have above seasonal averages, it won’t be ‘warm’ until the weekend. The latest NBM has some mid-50s temps for us on Friday and the real warmth arrives possibly on Saturday. I say possibly because some cloudiness will also arrive and the upper air pattern flattens at that time. It does look like it hits near 60º but it’s not a sure thing.


Weather… and Other Things 'Up in the Air'